Eficacia del programa de prevención de la transmisión materna infantil de VIH en los niños expuestos perinatales de enero 2017 a junio 2019 en el Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo - Guayaquil.

Abstract

Introduction: Mother to child transmission of HIV is the most important cause of HIV in pediatric patients. The most important risk factor is maternal viral load, the higher it is, higher is the risk of vertical transmission, In the absence of antiretroviral treatment, transmission can occur in 15 to 45% of cases. In 2011 WHO implemented the Global Plan to eliminate new HIV infections in children. While Ecuador, within its National Development Plan (PND), promised to eliminate mother to child transmission until 2021. Objective: To check de effectiveness of the prevention program for maternal transmission of HIV of the Hospital of Specialties “Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo” Materials and methods: Observational, retrospective and descriptive study made up of 141 patients, children (0 to 18 months) born to a mother positive for VIH infection who entered the maternal and child HIV prevention program of the Neonatology/Pediatrics service in the Hospital of Specialties “Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo” and which were attended from January 2017 to June 2019. Results: The age range of the patients during their stay in the program ranges from 0 to 23 months. 22,7% of mothers of children were at high risk of mother to child transmission, with late diagnosis of HIB being the most common cause. Various prophylaxis schemes were used in perinatal exposures, with the combination of Zidovudine + Lamivudine (AZT+3TC) being the most widely used scheme with 48.92%. Hemoglobin averaged 10.01 g/dl. 55.32% of patients did develop anemia to different degrees. 16.31% resulted in mild anemia. 38.3% developed moderate anemia and 0.71% developed severe anemia. Conclusions: The Hospital of Specialties “Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo” accomplish the objectives set by the Panamerican Health Organization (PAHO) for the elimination of mother to child transmission of HIV, to reduce MTCT of HIV to 2%. Obtaining in the results 1.42% of positive cases (2 cases). Furthermore, there is a lower percentage of anemia in patients who used combination therapy with AZT+3TC than those who used AZT as the only prophylaxis.