Factores de riesgos maternos relacionados a la asfixia perinatal en el área de Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales del Hospital Gineco Obstétrico Pediátrico Universitario Guayaquil.

Abstract

There are various maternal determinants that intervene in the perinatal asphyxia that it causes, morbidity and even mortality in the newborn, a situation that can be modified or controlled with primary health care. Objective: To determine the maternal risk factors related to perinatal asphyxia in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Gynecological Obstetric Pediatric University Hospital Guayaquil. Design: descriptive, retrospective type. Population: 119 Mothers of Neonates who presented perinatal asphyxia treated in the ICU area. Technique: Indirect observation. Instrument: Information collection matrix. Results: the majority of pregnant women who presented risk factors, had an age of 19 to 34 years (87%) urban origin 76%, primary studies 55%, occupation housework 84%, primipara 55%, have less than 5 prenatal controls 87%, type of cesarean delivery 72%, gestational age 32 to 36 weeks, pathological history of UTI (61%), among the obstetric risks, they had ruptured membranes (17%) and circular cord (14%) Meconium in amniotic fluid (10%), slow and laborious delivery (10%) and few movements of the baby (10%). Discussion: Rodas and Toalongo (12), pointed out that mothers should be told how these factors affect the development of the newborn, causing alterations such as perinatal asphyxia. Conclusion: There are risk factors such as maternal age, incomplete prenatal controls, urinary tract infections prevailed with respect to maternal causes, and mothers also presented obstetric risks such as circular cord and rupture of membranes, factors that are significantly related to perinatal suffocation.