Caracterización de las infecciones del torrente sanguíneo por catéter venoso central en la unidad de cuidados intensivos en un hospital general de la ciudad de Guayaquil.

Abstract

It is estimated that approximately 14% of infections in the bloodstream caused by central venous catheters represents the 3rd cause of morbidity and mortality of all infections at the in-hospital level. The objective of this study is to characterize central venous catheter bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit at a general hospital in the city of Guayaquil. Methodology A descriptive, quantitative, retrospective study was applied, in which the instrument of indirect observation was used to collect data from patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. The population consisted of 336 patients who were channeled through the central venous line during the period from January 2019 to January 2020, the sample was 80 (24%) patients who presented infections associated with the bloodstream. Results showed sepsis 46%, pneumonia 36%, multi-organ failure 9%, septic shock 8%, the male sex represented with greater predominance in average age of 54 years, with 42 days of hospitalization, being the most common diagnosis of 46% with chronic kidney failure, 20% congestive heart failure and 14% liver failure. According to the length of stay of the central venous catheter, infections occurred in those with more than 23 days of localization in the right subclavian, the most predominant causal agents were that 66% presented Staphylococcus aereus, followed by 21% Kleibseilla pneumoniae and 13% Streptococcus pneumoniae. In conclusion, infections to the bloodstream are associated with external and internal factors of patients.