Pevalencia de manifestaciones alérgicas en niños de 1-3 años que recibieron lactancia materna exclusiva vs lactancia artificial en hospital IESS Ceibos. Enero de 2018 a enero 2019.

Abstract

Introduction: Atopic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, have been increasing in their prevalence in recent years, being influenced by multiple aspects, including breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life, and continuing complementary feeding for up to 2 years with breastfeeding, has been established as the gold standard for infection prevention in children. However, the protective effect on the development of allergic diseases has not been demonstrated in all the studies carried out. Methodology: Cross-sectional, retrospective and observational study. Non-randomized study carried out in lactating pediatric patients treated at IESS Ceibos Hospital from January 2018 to January 2019. Results: During the first 6 months of life, breastfeeding predominantly received by patients was exclusively represented in 43.15% of the study population, after formula breastfeeding in 21.92%, a relevant relationship was identified between the history of allergies and the sex of the patients, presenting a positive trend towards the female sex. On the other hand, no significant relevance was found about family pathological history. Likewise, it was determined that there is a statistically significant association (p = 0.043), with the level of eosinophils in the blood and exclusive breastfeeding. However, the differences between the type of lactation received and the development of allergies were not determined. Conclusion: Female sex has a predominance for allergies development. Despite the fact that breastfeeding is an important protective factor against respiratory infections, no significant statistical associations were found for the development of skin reactions, allergic rhinitis, asthma or atopic dermatitis in any population group.