Factores de riesgo de convulsiones neonatales en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital General de Norte de Guayaquil Los Ceibos durante el periodo agosto 2018-agosto 2019.

Abstract

Introduction: Neonatal seizures considered a pediatric emergency are the clinical expression in response to injury or damage to various structures, especially at the brain level. It is important to make a good neonatal and prenatal medical history, detailing each of the predisposing factors to facilitate this clinical expression, since it will allow timely identification and treatment, since the risk of long-term neurological complications is high, with a greater predisposition to development of future seizures. Objective: To identify the risk factors for neonatal seizures in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil Los Ceibos during the period august 2018- august 2019. Materials and methods: With 40 patients according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. The data was extracted from the medical records in the AS400 clinical system with a diagnosis of neonatal seizures from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital General Norte de Guayaquil Los Ceibos, period August 2018 to August 2019. The database and analysis were performed in the SPSS v25.0 program. Conclusions: Within this study it was concluded that the most prevalent neonatal risk factor was hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (37.5%), followed by neonatal sepsis (30%). It was found that the most frequent type of seizure was the tonic type, followed by the subtle one. Furthermore, no neonatal risk factor, obstetric risk, sex, gestational age and birth weight influenced the type and time of presentation of the neonatal seizure. In addition to this, a higher prevalence was demonstrated by the male sex; on the other hand, the most prevalent gestational age ranged from 36 weeks of gestation with an average birth weight of 2,500 grams.