Caracterización clínico-epidemiológica de los pacientes son Síndrome de Guillain Barré en el hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo de Guayaquil (2012-2018).

Abstract

Introduction: Guillain Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy of autoimmune etiology characterized by muscle weakness and areflexia, which manifests itself after a generally infectious event. Its clinic can be confused with various neurological conditions, so its early diagnosis is of utmost importance to preserve life. Objectives: To describe the epidemiological profile, presentation forms, and sequelae in patients with GBS at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital (HTMC). Methods: Observational, cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study with a quantitative methodological approach, developed through the use of medical records from 2012 to 2018 in the HTMC. Results: In the study period, 55 patients who met all the research criteria were included, obtaining the following results: the average frequency of GBS was 7.85 patients per year (3-13 patients / year), with an index of mortality of 2.28 patients per year, predominantly male peripheral neuropathy prevailing than female with 35 cases representing 63.64%, age groups found that the highest frequency was in the category between 40 - 49 years, With 13 cases (23.63%). The predisposing factors mostly registered were idiopathic (22; 33.84%). Regarding the muscle strength scale, it is observed that the majority of patients (24 cases) presented a grade 4, auxiliary studies were performed to diagnose the disease in 69.1% (38 patients) and most of the patients did not present complications (47; 85.5%), in relation to the therapy used, most of the patients received corticosteroids (32; 24.6%) , and the most frequently reported sequelae was quadriparesis (17; 44.7%). Conclusions: In this research work, the clinical-epidemiological characterization of the patients with Guillain Barré was analyzed, evidencing that this peripheral neuropathy has been relatively frequent for some years in the HTMC, there is no relationship between the sex or the age of the patients for the evolution of the disease, it was not possible to establish a relationship with an infectious process of the digestive tract or upper areas with GBS, this clinical neurological entity is progressive, most of the patients did not acquire very severe or severe characteristics in an ascending way What is known as Landry's ascending paralysis, GBS patients must have specific treatment and extreme vigilance.