Relación existente entre la preeclampsia severa y las lesiones anatomopatológicas e histopatológicas en placenta de mujeres atendidas en el Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil durante el período enero 2018 a noviembre 2019.

Abstract

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy considered a pathology with a multifactorial origin, one of the most related cause for the appearance of this disease is placental insufficiency due to a failure in the remodeling of the spiral uterine arteries, but various studies have shown that it can appear when there is an alteration in the formation of the placenta. Objective: The objective of this study is to identify the relationship between pathological placental lesions and the severity of preeclampsia in pregnant women. Materials and methods: In the present work, a cross-sectional study was carried out. It started with a population of 730 patients attended at the Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil from January 2018 to November 2019, of which only 104 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. For data analysis, the SPSS Statistics 23 program was used. Results: Among the histopathological findings 73.1% showed amniotic necrosis, 74% had thrombi in the umbilical cord, 58.7% had endovascular endothelial hemorrhage and 86.5% had villous infarction. In anatomic changes, 98.1% had low weight placental (<400 grams), 8.7% had a venous cord implantation, 92.3% had placental infarctions and 68.3% had marginal fibrosis. Conclusion: Pathological and histopathological lesions are related to maternal-fetal poor perfusion.