Aplicación de la clasificación histopatológica de Nistal en biopsias gonadales en pacientes pediátricos con testículos no descendidos; intervenidos quirúrgicamente en el Hospital de niños Dr. Roberto Gilbert E., en el período 2016-2019.

Abstract

Undescended testicles (cryptorchidism) are one of the very common pathologies in pediatrics, being of great importance for the prognosis of fertility and as a possible cause of testicular malignancy. During gestation, the fetal testes develop within their abdominal cavity and as the pregnancy progresses, they descend through the inguinal canal into the scrotum. Most of the testes of full-term newborns are present in the scrotum at birth; But it is estimated that about 3% of full-term newborn infants and 30% of premature infants are born with at least one undescended testicle. The objective was to determine the histopathological alterations applying the Nistal classification. Materials and methods: An observational, descriptive and retrospective study was carried out in pediatric patients with cryptorchidism, who underwent selective testicular surgery with biopsy, at the Dr. Roberto Gilbert E. Children's Hospital, in the period 2016- 2019. The information collection was carried out with the advice of specialists, by reviewing medical records and pathological anatomy reports. Determining the histopathological alterations and their prevalence by applying the Nistal classification in gonadal biopsies of pediatric patients with undescended testicles. For data collection, an Excel database was prepared and the information was processed and analyzed; and obtaining the results. Statistical tables were made in the statistical processing of the data. The results with normal mean tubular diameter, normal fertility index, and Sertoli cell index with increased hyperplasia, (41.6%) correspond to the ages of 1.3 years to 3.53 years. With a severe decrease in these indices, 50% of the patients are observed between 3.54 years and 5.77 years. Conclusion: The histopathological changes found do not show differences between the ages studied according to the 4 grades of the histopathological classification according to Nistal.