Evidencia que P.gingivalis es un factor de riesgo importante para el desarrollo de Alzheimer.

Abstract

Introduction: In the recent scientific literature, periodontal diseases and their influence on cognitive deterioration, as well as correlations between oral health and dementia are an important topic of current discussion. Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the bacteria involved in the formation of plaque biofilms, and it plays an important role in the progression of periodontal disease. In this systematic review, the scientific literature of the last 5 years on P. gingivalis and its implications as an important risk factor for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease has been analyzed. Purpose: To evaluate and summarize the evidence from the studies available to date in order to analyze whether P. gingivalis is an important risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease. Materials and methods: A search was carried out in the databases Scopus, PubMed, Embase, Scielo, Google Scholar and Web of Science using keywords, such as: "Porphyromonas gingivalis" and "Alzheimer" Results: In total, 66 full-text studies were obtained that met all the eligibility criteria for inclusion and analysis. Discussion: Of the 66 articles included, 7 correspond to systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis, 24 correspond to literature reviews and 35 correspond to clinical studies with animal models, in vitro studies, cases and controls or cohort studies with patients. Most of the articles affirm a positive relationship between P. gingivalis, periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease. Conclusion: It could be shown that P. gingivalis, through periodontal disease, can induce systemic inflammation, blood-brain barrier alteration, neuroinflammation, accumulation of brain Aþ, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, ApoE fragmentation, neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Although there are still not enough longitudinal and intervention studies to confirm a causal relationship, the evidence obtained highlights that P. gingivalis plays a significant role in the development and progression of AD.