Periodo de latencia entre ruptura de membranas y parto como factor predictor de sepsis neonatal temprana en pacientes obtenidos por cesárea del hospital de especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo en el año 2019.

Abstract

Background: Premature rupture of the membranes is considered when it ruptures up to an hour before labor begins and is a common condition that brings several complications. Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome in a child up to 28 days old. Early neonatal sepsis is considered when the diagnosis is made during the first 7 days of life and late after this time. It has been shown that a time interval of more than 18 hours between rupture of membranes and delivery can increase the probability of developing neonatal sepsis up to 10 times. The following study seeks to estimate the probability in our population of presenting early neonatal sepsis as a function of the hours between which a patient has premature rupture of the membranes until delivery. Objectives: To determine the probability of presenting early neonatal sepsis in newborns obtained by cesarean section based on the latency period in hours. Methodology: Observational, retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study using a population of 1640 live births obtained by cesarean section, which was reduced to 201 patients treated during 2019 at the Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo. For data collection, electronic medical records were used by the AS400 system, organizing them in the Microsoft Excel 2019 program and processed in STATA version 14. Results: In the Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo during 2018, 1064 live births obtained by cesarean section were registered, a sample of 201 patients was used where 111 (55.2%) were men and 90 (44.8%) were women. Eighteen patients with a diagnosis of early neonatal sepsis (ENS) with a prevalence of 0.08 were registered. Of the 18 patients with ENS, 14 (6.96%) did not have premature membrane rupture, 1 (0.49%) had a history of rupture of less than 9 hours, 1 (0.49%) of 10 to 18 hours and of more than 18 hours were 2 (0.99%). In the chi-square analysis, the significance yields a value of 0.002 and an OR: 1.55 [95% CI: 0.55-4.33] P = 0.40 Conclusions: Based on the data observed and processed in 201 live birth patients obtained by cesarean section at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Specialty Hospital during 2019, it is concluded that there is an association between the latency period in hours with the probability of presenting early neonatal sepsis in live births obtained by cesarean section and this relationship is supported by statistical significance.