Caracterización clínicas y epidemiológicas de niños con enfermedad respiratoria por virus sincitial respiratorio en paciente de 1 mes a 2 años ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos del hospital de niños Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde durante el periodo 2017 - 2018.

Abstract

Background: The RSV is distributed worldwide, infects children in their first year, with a maximum incidence at 2 and 3 months of age. 2-3% of children with cousin infection are treated out patiently and 2-6% of them in a critical unit (1, 17). Mortality is currently low thanks to the infrastructure and different oxygen therapy devices. The circulation of the virus is related to the winter season. Objectives: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of children with respiratory disease due to respiratory syncytial virus in patients from 1 month to 2 years of age admitted to the intensive care unit of the Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde children's hospital during the 2017 - 2018 period. Methods: A descriptive and analytical analysis was carried out. The study is non-experimental, prospective. Analysis: Excel spreadsheet was used and a descriptive analysis of different variables was performed, and consecutively a correlational analysis was performed. Results: Of 257 children with RSV, treated at the Hospital during the period, 52 patients were admitted to the PICU in winter. Of which the majority were under 2 months of age. Male sex predominates in 2017 and female in 2018. The most frequent clinical presentation was pneumonia. There are 2 deaths recorded in 2017 and 1 in 2018. An average stay of 10 days in the PICU and an 18-day hospital stay. The most frequent clinical picture: cough, thermal rise and respiratory distress. On the most common radiographic alterations, air trapping, infiltration, and pulmonary condensation were found. 60% documented risk factors and 87% with complications. Conclusions: Respiratory RSV disease presents with a seasonal pattern, with greater involvement in children under 2 months. The severity is related to a longer period of stay in the PICU, hospital stay, use of mechanical ventilation and complications in those infants with risk factors.