Influencia de los niveles de CD4 y carga viral en infecciones oportunistas en pacientes VIH positivos atendidos en el hospital de especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo durante el período 2014 - 2019.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of opportunistic infections up to 2016 in low- and middle-income countries was 32-77.7%, most frequently with CD4 <200 cells / μL, and presenting high mortality. OBJECTIVES: Establish the opportunistic infections present, determine their frequency and mortality, establish the cut-off point for CD4 levels and viral load for their appearance, and determine which one exerts the greatest influence. METHODS: Observational, descriptive and retrospective study with HIV-positive patients treated at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Specialty Hospital between 2014 and 2019. A sample of 380 patients was taken and, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 164 were studied. RESULTS: Of 380 patients, 164 had opportunistic infections (43.15%). Of these, 85.4% were men. The mean age was 43.09 years, the mean CD4 was 382.3 cells/μL and the mean viral load was 70289.89 copies/ml. The most frequent opportunistic infections were herpes (17.7%), enteric infections (14.6%) and pulmonary tuberculosis (13.4%). 28.05% of patients presented them with a CD4 count <200 cells/μL (P> 0.05). Mortality was 10.98% and cryptococcosis was the one with the highest mortality (62.5%) (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: The most frequent opportunistic infections were herpes, enteric infections, pulmonary tuberculosis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, severe bacterial infections, and candidiasis. No cut-off point for CD4 count or viral load was found, and adherence to treatment did not seem to protect patients from its onset.