Tabaquismo asociado como factor de riesgo de mucositis y periimplantitis dental : una revisión sistemática.

Abstract

Introduction: One of the most prevalent habits is the consumption of tobacco, causing alteration in the tissues of the oral cavity, just as bacterial plaque creates a cellular alteration altering the health of the peri-implant tissues, reaching to remove mucositis, peri implantitis and loss of osseointegration. Objective: To determine if smoking is a risk factor for mucositis, dental peri-implantitis. Materials and methods: The present review is a qualitative, retrospective, cross-sectional approach with a non-experimental explanatory design to determine whether tobacco is a risk factor for mucositis and dental peri-implantitis. A search was carried out in different search engines: PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar and Scopus. Results: It was analyzed that the bacterial plaque as an etiological factor can vary by the health parameters of each patient, being able to present in the tissues as mucositis and peri-implantitis, in addition to the presence of multiple risk factors, tobacco associated with existing pre-commotion systemic disease and periodontal disease, as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß. IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α, lead to cellular alteration and osseointegration. Pharmacological therapy showed greater effectiveness in smoking cessation. Conclusion: The alteration of oral tissues in mucositis and peri-implantitis, dependence on risk factors, habits such as smoking, which produce cellular alteration and complications in osseointegration; Pharmacological therapy showed greater effectiveness in smoking cessation.