Prevalencia de anemia ferropénica en gestantes de 13 a 22 años que asisten al área de consulta externa de un hospital materno de la ciudad de Guayaquil 2020.

Abstract

Iron deficiency anemia is more common in pregnant women, due to a lack of iron and the fetus consumes large amounts of iron necessary for growth and maturation, especially during the third trimester of pregnancy. Objective: To determine the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in 13 to 22-year-old pregnant women who attend the outpatient clinic in a maternal hospital in the city of Guayaquil 2020. Design: descriptive, quantitative, retrospective, cross-sectional. Technique: Indirect observation. Instrument: Indirect observation guide. Population: 60 cases attended from January to December 2020. Results: 20% cassis in July 2020; Age: 77% pregnant from 17 to 20 years old; educational level: 70% secondary; marital status: 53% free union; occupation: 37% employed; origin: 77% urban areas; income: 55% from $ 100 to $ 200; gestational age: 55% from 27 to 40 weeks; 52% underweight; clinical manifestations: 43% fatigue, 22% tiredness; 47% have moderate anemia; prenatal checkups: 45% 2 times; 45% primiparous; 77% continuous pregnancies; 92% do not consume iron; 88% if folic acid is prescribed; 28 eat spinach and 35% chicken. Discussion: These results are also contrasted with the results achieved by Portilla, who identified in his study that 17% of pregnant women had mild anemia and 14% had a low iron value. Conclusion: It is evident that the prevalence occurs more frequently in primiparous pregnant women, who do not have income to cover their needs, who do not attend prenatal controls, therefore they present anemia and iron deficiency; being necessary to reinforce the educational activities that motivate them to take a better diet and care for their pregnancy.