Prevalencia de cardiopatías congénitas cianosantes en neonatos ingresados en el área de UCIN de un hospital de la ciudad de Guayaquil.

Abstract

Cyanotic congenital heart diseases are anatomical lesions of one or more of the four cardiac chambers, of the septa that separate them, or of the outflow valves or tracts, which will require surgical correction in the first months of life. Objective: To determine the prevalence of cyanotic congenital heart disease in neonates admitted to the NICU area of a Hospital in the city of Guayaquil. Design: descriptive, quantitative, retrospective, cross-sectional. Technique: Indirect observation. Instrument: Observation matrix. Population: 212 neonates diagnosed with cyanotic congenital heart disease. Results: 63% of neonates from 28 to 36 weeks; 55% male; 81% mestizo; 53% with weight from 2000 to 2499 grs; 51% size from 45 to 47 cm; 91% APGAR from 4 to 6; 59% had a family history; 62% present pulmonary atresia as obstructive of the right heart, 50% tricuspid atresia without pulmonary stenosis as continuity of blood flow; 55%, as lack of volume, presented transposition of the great arteries; among the clinical manifestations: 22% desaturation, 21% respiratory distress and 19% audible murmurs. Discussion: López, points out in his study that 60% of neonates also presented pulmonary atresia, 20% tetralogy of Fallot and 10% had transposition of the great arteries. Conclusion: It is evident that congenital heart disease is different in neonates with different characteristics, but that there are clinical manifestations that allow establishing a previous diagnosis, for which the necessary diagnostic methods must be applied, in order to determine them and prevent them from putting them at risk. the health of the newborn.