Prevalencia del derrame pleural en pacientes de 20 a 70 años atendidos en el servicio de cirugía cardiotorácica de un hospital de especialidades en la ciudad de Guayaquil en el periodo octubre 2019 – octubre 2020.

Abstract

Introduction: Pleural effusion is the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. This condition is abnormal and indicates the presence of an underlying disease. Pathologies of the pleura, lung, heart, kidney, and other diseases can cause DP (1). Objective: To determine the prevalence of pleural effusion in patients between 20 and 70 years of age treated in the cardiothoracic surgery service of a specialty hospital in the city of Guayaquil. Methodology: descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional, retrospective study. Population: 500 patients admitted to the cardiothoracic area of which 100 presented PD. Data collection technique: indirect observation in medical records, using a questionnaire and a matrix based on the characteristics of patients with PD. Results: Our results show that the 100 patients with PD: Age 51 to 70 years with 59%, sex: male 51% and female 41%, origin: urban with 77% and rural 23%, ethnicity: mestizo with 83%, indigenous 9 %, white 6% and Afro-descendant 2%, symptoms: dyspnea 65%, cough 22%, pleuritic pain 12%, arterial hypotension 1%, frequent pathologies: respiratory 24%, cardiac 20%, neoplasms 20%, endocrine 16%, kidney 14% and hepatic 6%, diagnostic means: laboratory 33%, tomography 32%, radiography 28% and ultrasound 7%, treatment: surgical 74% and clinical 26%. Conclusion: Pleural effusion occurs in older adults’ manifests with dyspnea, the most frequent pathology is respiratory, the means of diagnosis are laboratory tests. Most of the population undergo surgical treatment by performing the thoracentesis procedure, studying the pleural fluid to identify the underlying pathology.