Niveles de sodio y potasio sérico en pacientes con traumatismo craneoencefálico ingresados a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo en el periodo 2018-2019.

Abstract

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) are injuries caused by the sudden exchange of energy that can cause alterations in the structure and functions brain. Among the most common disorders that perform these patients are alterations in the levels of sodium and potassium that lead to complications and even death. Objective: To identify the relationship of serum sodium and potassium levels in patients with head trauma admitted to the ICU of the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital in the period 2018 - 2019. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional, observational, descriptive, randomized and retrospective study, carried out in patients with a diagnosis of Head Trauma in the Intensive Care Unit of the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital in the period 2018-2019. Results: Of 149 patients studied, 130 (87.2%) belonged to the male sex, 76 (51%) patients to the age group of 21-40 years, and severe trauma in 84 (56.4%), these being the most common characteristics. frequent in our population. The predominant disorders were hypernatremia in 64 (43%) patients and hypokalemia in 63 (42.3%). Severe trauma was more closely related to hypernatremia in 48 (57.1%) cases (p <0.001) and Hypokalemia with 38 (45.2%) cases (p <0.010). The deceased ICU discharges were mostly related to hypernatremia in 34 (79.1%) patients (p <0.001) and with hypokalemia in 25 (58.1%) patients (p <0.002). Conclusions: Hypernatremia and hypokalemia are the disorders that most frequently present in TBI and influence patient mortality.