Factores predictores del evento cerebrovascular isquémico recurrente en pacientes mayores de 45 años atendidos en el Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, 2015-2020.

Abstract

Ischemic strokes represent one of the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide. In Ecuador, even though all aspects of this disease have been studied, there are not scientific researches about recurrent strokes and their predictive factors. Objective: evaluate predictive factors of recurrent stroke in patients older than 45 years old. Methods: we carried out a retrospective, transversal, case-control study with patients who were admitted at HTMC within 2015 -2020, under the diagnosis of ischemic stroke. Data was reviewed through medical records, collecting clinical data and laboratory tests at admission. Results: our sample consisted of 136 patients admitted under the diagnosis of ischemic stroke. 101 (74.3%) presented one episode of stroke, while 35 suffered a new, second stroke. The recurrence percentage was 25.7%. Statistical significance was found between the relationship of a recurrent ischemic stroke and the history of a previous TIA (p < 0.000 y OR: 6.21) IC: 2.46 – 15.6, smoking (p < 0.002 y OR: 4.65) IC: 1.59 – 13.6, and dyslipidemia (p < 0.000 y OR: 3.80) IC: 1.62 – 8.91. Conclusion: the most relevant predictive factors relating to ischemic stroke are the history of a previous transitory ischemic attack (TIA), smoking and dyslipidemia. The correlation between the presence of a recurrent ischemic stroke and the results of the basic laboratory exams at admission did not show any significance. Men showed a higher frequency of ischemic stroke, with and without a recurrent ischemic stroke. The average age of presenting a stroke, recurrent or not, was of 68.56 years.