Validación de las pruebas serológicas a través de las pruebas NAT en la detección de infecciones virales en posibles donantes de sangre de 18 a 60 años del banco de sangre del hospital Omni Hospital en el periodo 2017 a 2020.

Abstract

Introduction: The risk of viral infections (HIV, HBV, HCV) has drastically decreased due to the screening carried out to all possible blood donors in blood banks. HCV NAT testing reduces the infectious window period to approximately 8-10 days in contrast to the 70-day window period using HCV serologic testing. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of serological tests in the detection of HBV, HCV and HIV infection in potential donors treated at the Omni Hospital blood bank in the period from 2017 to 2020. Methodology: Cross-sectional, observational, and descriptive study. The data were extracted from the medical records in the Edelphyn clinical system of the Omni Hospital blood bank, period January 2017 to December 2020. Results: Most of the population belonged to the male sex, representing 56.20% of the population, with a median age of 37 years. In addition, during the years 2018 and 2019, there was the largest number of donors with HIV and hepatitis B virus infections. Regarding viral infection, most of the population had positive NAT tests for hepatitis B virus infection (17.10%), with HIV infection coming in second (13.30%). Conclusions: Regarding the efficacy of serological tests against NATs, it was observed that the sensitivity of serological tests in HIV was 60.71%, while the specificity was 94.51%.