Evaluación de la escala de estratificación temprana Early Risk Stratification Method ERSM en pacientes con dolor abdominal agudo durante el periodo enero 2018 a enero 2020 en el Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Abstract

Background/aim: Acute abdominal pain is a very frequent symptom, corresponding to 5-10% of consultations in the emergency service, sometimes it requires emergency surgical intervention and can endanger the life of the patient. The early stratification scale called ERSM (Early Risk Stratification Method), which was created in order to guide physicians in the timely management of patients who arrive at the emergency with acute abdominal pain to improve their prognosis, assesses various parameters clinical and laboratory, where a score <18 indicates that the patient does not require hospitalization; ≥18 and <38 means hospital admission; ≥38 and <50 emergency surgery and ≥50 indicates the need for admission to the ICU, so the main objective of this study was to evaluate the Early Risk Stratification Method ERSM in patients with acute abdominal pain. Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Specialty Hospital during the period January 2018 to January 2020. Results: A sample of 173 patients was obtained. Using the ERSM scale, it was possible to determine that 28 patients (16.18%) belonged to the non-hospitalization group, 32 patients (18.5%) in the hospitalization group, 99 patients (57.23%) in the emergency surgery group and 14 patients (8.09%) in the ICU group. The male sex was the most predominant (101/173 [58.38%]). Acute abdominal pain occurred more frequently in the age group 70 to 79 years. The most common symptoms were diffuse abdominal pain (81/173 [46.82%]) and diffuse abdominal tenderness (92/173 [53.18%]); and 121/173 [69.94%] patients reported having abdominal pain for more than 24 hours. The most frequent causes of acute abdomen were acute cholecystitis (20.23%) and acute appendicitis (19.08%). According to Pearson's test, the application of this scale reduces mortality by 73.19%. Conclusions: It was determined that the application of the ERSM scale was closely related to the outcome of hospitalization in the cases studied, therefore, it is concluded that it decreases mortality in patients with acute abdominal pain.