Prevalencia de deterioro cognitivo en pacientes de 40 - 90 años con historia de evento cerebrovascular en el hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo del año 2014-2020.

Abstract

Introduction: The cerebrovascular event represents the second cause of death worldwide. Cognitive impairment after stroke is considered an important cause of disability. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients aged 40 to 90 years with a history of cerebrovascular event in the HTMC in the period from 2014 to 2020. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional, retrospective, observational, descriptive study in a population of the HTMC. Results: 2308 patients, 6.67% had cognitive impairment and a history of CVD. The mortality rate was 51.9% (n=80). The mean age was 77 years, with a standard deviation of 9. The most frequent type of stroke was ischemic 67.53%, The most frequent symptom: irritability 53.2% (n=82). Those with greater severity of cognitive impairment tend to have a higher value on the NIHSS scale (p=0.012). Chi square was applied, showing an association between severity of brain atrophy and cognitive impairment (p=0.474). Patients with greater severity of cerebral atrophy debut with a lower median MMSE score, (p=0.001). 62.3% of the study patients were male. Type II diabetes mellitus was the risk factor with the highest prevalence (36.4%). Conclusion: The prevalence of patients aged 40 to 90 years who developed cognitive impairment was 6.67%. The most frequent stroke was the ischemic type. The main symptom was irritability. The most common risk factor was type II diabetes mellitus. We conclude that there is a statistically significant relationship between cognitive impairment and a history of stroke.