Factores de riesgo asociados a neumonía complicada en niños de 1 mes hasta 17 años que ingresan por el área de emergencia del Hospital Roberto Gilbert en el periodo de enero – diciembre del 2019.

Abstract

Background: Complicated pneumonia is defined as that infection of the lung parenchyma that can be caused by different pathogens, to which entities such as pleural effusion, empyema, pneumothorax, bronchopulmonary fistulas and pulmonary necrosis are added; taking into account that according to the World Health Organization pneumonia causes 19% of infant deaths. Materials and Methods: A relational, analytical, prospective, cross-sectional cohort research project was carried out during the period from January - December 2019 with the purpose of identifying and comparing the main risk factors among those patients with a diagnosis of pneumonia in whom complications were evidenced of those in which not. Through the institution's database, the different variables were collected, after which 170 patients with pneumonia were analyzed, of which 85 (50%) had complicated pneumonia. Results: Among the most significant results, the male sex prevailed (52.3%), the age of greatest presentation was between 6 to 17 years (92.5%), the abandonment of breastfeeding, previous use of antibiotic therapy and Among the associated comorbidities, pre-existing heart disease was found as a risk factor and greater morbidity. Conclusions It is concluded that, in patients with a diagnosis of pneumonia, special attention should be paid to those with suspension of breastfeeding, attendance at education centers, pre-existing pathologies, and inculcate parents not to self-medicate to prevent the presentation of complications and decrease their mortality.