Prevención y tratamiento de la enfermedad periodontal en pacientes con Síndrome de Down. Revisión Sistemática.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Trisomy 21 or also known as Down syndrome, is considered a genetic alteration due to the extra copy of a chromosome 21. The associated phenotypic manifestations are: skeletal malformations, mental retardation, periodontal disease, hypothyroidism, epilepsy, among others. Periodontal disease in patients with DS can be detected at an early age with clinical signs, this disease begins in the deciduous dentition and will continue with the permanent one, presenting a loss of the alveolar bone, supra and subgingival calculus, bleeding, tooth mobility and inflammation of the tissues. gingival. OBJECTIVE: To establish what is the Prevention and treatment of periodontal disease in patients with Down Syndrome. OBJECTIVE: To establish what is the Prevention and treatment of periodontal disease in patients with Down Syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review study was presented that had a qualitative approach with a type of bibliographic and retrospective research. For the data analysis, the evaluated data were used in 50 articles on: the diagnosis of periodontal disease, the etiopathogenic factors, the prevention methods, the systemic factors and the periodontal treatment protocol. RESULTS: It was analyzed that for the diagnosis of periodontal disease the use of the periodontal probe is required with 62%. It was also possible to determine that among the etiopathogenic factors, the most prevalent was poor oral hygiene with 11.25%, while in preventive methods the supervision of parents for correct oral hygiene with 40% had a great influence, Among the systemic factors, the immune system is related to PD with 69% and, finally, the best treatment for patients with DS was scaling and root planing with 41%. CONCLUSIONS: It could be concluded that for the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease. The best treatment for these patients with DS is supra and subgingival scaling to remove the accumulation of bacterial plaque with a maintenance phase every 2 months due to the different factors they present.