Aplicación de la dentina como biomaterial en la preservación del reborde crestal post-exodoncia. Revisión sistemática.

Abstract

Introduction: Post dental extraction modifies the dimension of the alveolar ridge, it is considered that dentin can be used as a biomaterial, since it presents similarity with the bone matrix, there are several regeneration techniques applied in other dental fields. Objective: To demonstrate the effectiveness of demineralized dentin in the preservation of the crestal ridge post-exodontia. Materials and Methods: Scientific review of qualitative approach, cross-sectional, retrospective type with non-experimental explanatory design. Studies were collected through meta search engines such as: PUBMED, Scopus, Science direct and Web of Science. Selecting 36 articles for the analysis and data collection. Results: Osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties, establishing that BMP and osteopontin are able to preserve the crestal ridge, using dentin as a bone substitute. Protocol to manipulate dentin as a biomaterial, Smart dentin Grinder System (0.33%), high speed carbide bur (0.27%) and manual grinder (0.13%). Degree of morbidity, pain (0.73), swelling (0.67), second day with no evidence of edema, third day showed edema and swelling (0.46) and on the seventh day pain (0.22) and edema (0.19). The preservation of the alveolar ridge was compared with different bone substitutes, and a greater horizontal dimension was demonstrated in intact sockets without the use of any biomaterial (15,22), the vertical dimension showed better results with demineralized bone matrix graft and collagen membrane (15,53). Fields in Dentistry that used dentin as a graft: Implantology (4%), Oral Surgery (2%), Oral Rehabilitation (3%) and Periodontics (1%). Conclusion: The use of dentin as biomaterials is efficient, showing similarity to other bone substitutes.