Prevalencia del deterioro cognitivo en adultos mayores de 65 a 85 años en el año 2021 en un Hospicio en la ciudad de Guayaquil.

Abstract

Aging involves alterations in all systems, biological, neuroanatomical and neurophysiological; This process occurs over the years, loss of intellectual faculties, which is associated with multiple and diverse geriatric syndromes that later produces pathologies. Objective: To determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment in older adults in a Hospice in the city of Guayaquil. Design: descriptive, quantitative, prospective, transversal. Technique: Survey Instrument: Questionnaire of questions to older adult patients. Population: 72 older adults from 65 to 85 years old, in the Sofia Ratinoff Asylum (Clemencia Foundation). Results: Sociodemographic characteristics: 35% from 71 to 75 years old, 60% women, 76% primary education level, 69% low socioeconomic level, 98% from the coast; etiological causes: 75% Alzheimer's disease, 25% vascular dementias and 6% pick's disease; Symptoms: 78% anxiety, 67% depression; Signs: 76% trouble remembering names, 74% trouble finding objects, and 69% trouble continuing to talk; Risk factors: 89% cognitive inactivity; 81% insomnia, 81% isolation from the environment, 54% physical inactivity; type of impairment: 56% severe, 18% moderate, 18% mild, and 8% discrete. Conclusion: It is evident that cognitive deterioration is accentuated, in people, according to their aging process, as well as the evolution time; Likewise, risk factors are detected that must be identified in time, in order to prevent the development of this type of deterioration; therefore, neuropsychological prevention and rehabilitation programs should be developed to help improve mental functions in older adult patients.