Prevalencia de la alergia a la proteína de la leche de vaca en niños menores de dos años en un hospital de la ciudad de Guayaquil.

Abstract

Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is estimated to have a prevalence of 10%, infants are at risk of complications due to certain factors that prevent correct treatment, such as: incorrect diagnosis, lack of parental commitment, high costs of diagnostic tests to detect the disease, difficult access to hydrolysed formulas with which these infants should be treated. General objective: To determine the prevalence of cow's milk protein allergy in children under two years of age in a hospital in the city of Guayaquil. Methodology: Descriptive, quantitative, prospective, cross-sectional cohort study including all children under two years of age with CMPA who were treated from January to December 2019. Results: During the study period, 100 children with CMPA were captured with a mean age of 12.5 months (SD 10.4) with a prevalence of CMPA of 61.23%, of which 66.67% patients were mixed race females with rural precedence between 6 and 12 months, with 76.54% belonging to the lower class. The detection of CMPA is highly dependent on Immunoglobulin E (IgE) values and how the abnormality is treated. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of CMPA in women and associated factors include: history of atopy, mothers over 30 years of age and early cow's milk intake.