Transmisión vertical de VIH en el Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo entre enero del 2015 y diciembre del 2018.

Abstract

Vertical transmission of HIV occurs when a newborn is infected with HIV by an HIV-positive mother during pregnancy, childbirth, or through breast milk. Although the percentage of infected children has been decreasing over the years, in our country it continues to represent a major health problem due to the lack of education for patients. Methodology: It is a prevalence study. Information was collected from the medical records of pregnant patients treated at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Specialty Hospital with a positive diagnosis of HIV between January 2015 and December 2018, and from newborns up to 18 months of age treated at the same hospital. Results: less than 2% of the newborns were diagnosed with HIV. 70.42% of the patients achieved virological success after antiretroviral therapy and only 29.58% did not achieve virological success, so zidovudine was applied before delivery. 39.44% achieved an undetectable viral load in the third trimester, while 14% obtained more than 1000 copies before the end of pregnancy. By protocols established in the hospital, 100% of the patients underwent cesarean section for the termination of their pregnancy. Conclusion: The vertical transmission of HIV is 1.41% if pregnant patients receive antiretroviral therapy. In case of not reaching the virological stage before delivery, the application of zidovudine before delivery significantly reduces the risk of transmission.