Lesiones endoscópicas más frecuentes en pacientes con hemorragia digestiva alta no variceal atendidos en el Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo durante el periodo 2018 - 2020.

Abstract

Introduction: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding constitutes a medical emergency, being non-variceal the one that represents the highest percentage of cases according to previously carried out studies. Considering acute gastrointestinal bleeding, between 74% and 80% correspond to upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Objective: Establish the most frequent endoscopic lesions in patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding treated at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital during the 2018-2020 period. Materials and methods: We performed an observational, analytical, retrospective, and cross-sectional study in patients with a diagnosis of hematemesis or melena, treated at the HTMC during 2018-2020. Results: A total of 200 patients were studied in this period. The most frequent data were the following: in 48% of the cases the patients were between 60 and 79 years old, 32% consumed alcohol, men represented 69% of the cases, gastric ulcer was the most frequent lesion with 46%, and the most frequent endoscopic finding was Forrest III with 55%. Of the total, 5.5% had rebleeding, there was a mean 22 (SD: 14.38) of the percentage of risk of rebleeding and a mean 12.5 (SD: 12.7) of the percentage of mortality. The major risk factor for rebleeding was gastric ulcer (OR: 13.04; 95% CI: 1.63-103.9; p-value 0.002). Conclusions: The most frequent endoscopic lesion in patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding is Gastric peptic ulcer, with Forrest type III, being the male sex the most affected.