Prevalencia de síndrome mielodisplásico en pacientes del Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo y Hospital SOLCA matriz Guayaquil, desde enero del 2015 hasta enero 2020.

Abstract

Introduction: The myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is an hematological clonal pathology of the bone marrow characterized by an ineffective hematopoyesis of various celular lines resulting in chronic cytopenias which are refractory to treatment. The ineffective cellular maturity produces dysplastic changes and hypercellularity in the bone marrow. Myelodysplastic syndrome is usually diagnosed in patients over 65 years of age. Methodology: It is a prevalence study, descriptive, analytical and observational. Information was collected from the medical records registered in the Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo and the Hospital SOLCA Matriz Guayaquil, database between January 2015 and January 2020 in patients with provisional myelodysplastic syndrome diagnosis that match the inclusion criteria and doesn't have any of the exclusion parameters. Results: The average age of presentation is 65 years, the inferior limit was 15 and the superior limit 99. 81.15% of patients were older than 55 years. Regarding the sex 51.44% were male and 48.55% female. 9.42% of patients progressed to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Finally, regarding the final status 49.28% of patients were deceased and 50.72% remained alive. Conclusion: Myelodysplastic syndrome is a pathology that can be found at any age, but its prevalence increases with age, the median being 65 years. The most frequent MDS subtype is multilineage dysplasia with 33.33% of the cases, followed by MDS with single lineage dysplasia with 24.63%. 9.42% of patients developed AML and in this group 81.81% had MDS with excess blasts.