Bacterias cromógenas en odontopediatría. Revisión bibliográfica.

Abstract

Introduction: Chromogenic bacteria in pediatric dentistry are benign extrinsic black spots found in the most cervical part of the tooth that develop from the interaction of chromogenic bacteria, mainly Actinomyces and Prevotella, with the presence of iron in saliva, or gingival exudates. This type of staining affects the temporary dentition more, without causing damage to the dental structure, generating only an unsightly problem in the child, which will not be able to be eliminated with normal brushing, but rather needs to go to your pediatric dentist for a correct anamnesis and treatment planning. Objetives: Determine what are the causes that cause the appearance of black spots caused by chromogenic bacteria in pediatric dentistry. Materials and Methods: This study was based on documentary sources obtained through Pubmed, scielo and google scolar. Regarding the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 29 articles remained, which allowed studying the following variables: Etiology, microorganisms, affectations, prevention and treatment. Results: Its etiological factor is chromogenic bacteria, it is a specific bacterial species known as anaerobic chromogenic bacteria. These extrinsic stains do not cause major damage, neither in the child nor in the teeth, they only produce an aesthetic problem that can affect self-esteem. You can have prevention by investigating the patient's medical history and knowing if he is ingesting high amounts of iron. They are not removed by normal brushing, a professional dentist is needed to perform a deep cleaning with the use of abrasive pastes. Conclusion: Chromogenic bacteria will metabolize if there is the presence of iron or other factors that will help develop extrinsic stain, but the main cause of this pathology is not yet known.