El papel del quitosano como andamiaje en la regeneración ósea guiada. Revisión de la literatura.

Abstract

Introduction: Chitosan is a polymer that, in addition to being reabsorbable, biocompatible, non-toxic, has great bacteriostatic, hemostatic and mucoadhesive potential. Due to these qualities, it is considered a great option for scaffolding. Objective: To describe the role of chitosan as a scaffold in guided bone regeneration. Materials and Methods: Scientific review of qualitative approach, cross-sectional, retrospective type with non-experimental explanatory design. By collecting articles through metasearch engines such as: Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Academic. Selecting 33 articles for analysis. Results: The structure of chitosan is obtained by deacetylation of chitin, a polymer present in the skeleton of crustaceans, molluscs and insects and in the walls of fungi. It has properties such as mucoadhesion, hemostasis, antimicrobial activity, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Some of the manufacturing methods include freeze-drying, wet spinning, particle leaching, gas foaming, gelation, rapid prototyping, and microparticles. Among the types of scaffolds are hydrogel, sponges, films and nanofibers. Regarding the choice of cells, autologous cells from each patient and mesenchymal stem cells are used. Conclusion: Chitosan scaffolds possess good properties that make it worthwhile to continue experimenting with this interesting natural polymer to clarify its mechanisms of cellular action, as well as to improve its manufacturing methods.