Relación entre la periodontitis y la enfermedad neurodegenerativa Alzheimer. Revisión de literatura.

Abstract

Introduction: The systemic inflammatory process generated in periodontitis constitutes a highly relevant reaction in Alzheimer's disease, due to the triggered neuro-inflammatory process, which promotes cognitive deterioration of the host. Objectives: Describe the relationship between periodontitis and Alzheimer's neurodegenerative disease. Materials and methods: Qualitative, retrospective research, with a crosssectional approach, and a descriptive, analytical, non-experimental design. The Pubmed and Scielo metasearch engines were used and through the implementation of the MESH terms: Inflammation, periodontitis, alzheimer disease,a universe of 300 articles was obtained, which after analysis, application of inclusion criteria, exclusion resulted in a sample of 30 articles. Results: Periodontitis, by generating a systemic inflammatory process, can affect the central nervous system due to the production of pro-inflammatory substances and the emergence of pathogens such as P. gingivalis that invade the brain through the blood-brain barrier, promoting neurodegeneration. Conclusion: In older adult patients, periodontitis plays a fundamental role in the development or aggravation of Alzheimer's disease due to its pro-inflammatory nature that can affect the homeostasis of the central nervous system; P.gingivalis is considered the main pathogenic periodontal bacterium involved in the neuroinflammatory process, which is why prevention and oral hygiene are essential in this population susceptible to suffering from periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease, since they can simultaneously affect the quality of patients' lives, as their oral health deteriorates along with their cognitive disability.