Manejo odontológico de pacientes con crisis hipertensiva.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The hypertensive crisis is the elevation of blood pressure ≥180/120 mmHg, it is subdivided; in urgency and hypertensive emergency. A hypertensive crisis in the dental office is very rare, but there are times when it can exist, and that is why we as health professionals must proceed in an effective way to avoid complications. OBJECTIVE: To determine the dental management of patients with hypertensive crisis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A bibliographical review was carried out with a qualitative, retrospective, cross-sectional approach with a descriptive and analytical design, whose sample consisted of 30 articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, dental management, and preventive dentistry in patients with hypertensive crisis were analyzed. RESULTS: There are common risk factors for the development of a hypertensive crisis; It was also determined that the most frequent signs and symptoms are intense headache, chest pain, dyspnea, loss of alertness, motor and sensory alterations; The diagnostic approach to hypertensive crisis consists of 3 essential parts; patients with hypertensive crises, both urgency and emergency, are mostly treated in a quite heterogeneous and empirical manner; and it is recommended to follow a suitable protocol that contributes to the reduction of anxiety. CONCLUSION: As part of the health team, the dentist needs to identify these patients and provide initial treatment. Understand the effects of drugs commonly used in the treatment of this condition and promote all strategies to reduce complications.