Propiedades físico, química y biológica de los cementos biocerámicos. Revisión de la literatura.

Abstract

Bioceramic cements are inorganic, bioactive, biocompatible, biodegradable and bioinert materials derived from portland cement, composed of ceramic glasses that form hydroxyapatite, converting it into osteoinductive and osteoconductive materials. Objective: To establish what are the chemical, physical and biological properties of bioceramic cements, what are their effects within canal systems, the types of cements most used today and their clinical indications. Materials and Methods: The present work was carried out through a review of the literature and has a qualitative and retrospective approach with an exploratory and analytical descriptive design and a deductive method. The search for scientific articles was carried out with the help of metasearch engines such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scielo, Redalyc, Cochrane and Trip, a total of 50 articles published since 2016 were analyzed, of which only 30 met the criteria of inclusion. Results: Bioceramic cements are characterized by their bonding strength, radiopacity, solubility, alkaline Ph, being a highly antimicrobial material, fluidity, resistant to fractures, being very effective in cases of pulp capping, apicogenesis, apicoformation and perforations. They are also highly effective as obturator cements, hermetically sealing the canal even in more difficult areas such as the apex where there is a greater risk of microleakage. Conclusion: Bioceramic cements show great promise in the field of endodontics as they not only provide a range of materials to choose from but also provide excellent results whether used as repair cements or obturator cements.