Cone Beam y su precisión en el diagnóstico de bifurcación del conducto dentario inferior.

Abstract

Problem: The bifurcation of the lower dental canal constitutes an anatomical variant that oscillates in 65% without any symptoms, creating a limitation when placing the anesthetic, so its best evaluation will be through CBCT. Objective: Identify the advantages of CBCT as a diagnostic method for bifurcation of the lower dental canal. Materials and methods: A bibliographic review was carried out with a qualitative cross-sectional approach, descriptive design, analytical, deductive method, the search for scientific articles was carried out in Pubmed, Cochrane and Google Scholar metasearch engines. A total of 100 articles were obtained from 2009 to 2021, of which 50 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results: CBCT detects with greater precision the bifidity of the mandibular canal with a rate of 10.2% to 65%, having certain disadvantages such as the radiation dose in wide FOVs and the cost of the equipment. The mandibular canal has certain variants, the most common being the retromolar canal and the least common being the trifid canal. Regarding the Orthopantomography, bifidity has limitations with a low incidence rate of 15.6 to 64.8%, marking it impossible to detect the bifid mandibular canal. Among the complications that can occur when this variant is not identified are traumatic neuroma, paresthesia, hemorrhage, and hematoma due to damage to the mandibular canal. Conclusion: CBCT better determines the assessment of the bifid mandibular canal, giving greater precision through multiplanar cuts, and achieving a detailed identification of the anatomical structures of the facial massif.