Diseño de un sistema automatizado por ultrasonido en subestaciones eléctricas para minimizar el impacto ambiental a la fauna.

Abstract

The present work is born from the need to eradicate the pests of different animals in electrical substations. To avoid this type of inconvenience, this project is presented that works through the generation of ultra frequencies in order to avoid the presence of animals in the facilities of an electrical substation, which can safeguard the life of the animal and protect the proper functioning of the Electric equipment. A passive infrared sensor called PIR is used that detects the presence of an animal and sends a signal to the microcontroller, this signal generates an order to energize the coil of a relay that allows the frequency generator circuit to be fed. These frequencies must be higher than the audible range of the human being to avoid discomfort in people, so frequencies higher than 20 KHz must be generated. This is achieved in two ways, the first is through a circuit with an NE555 package in astable mode in which the resistive and capacitive elements in the circuit are manipulated to achieve the desired frequencies to generate stress stimuli in the animals; The second way studied is through a frequency generator module AD9833, which is responsible for producing ultra-frequency sound waves which can be programmable to generate certain types of waves at different frequencies in a given time interval, which allows reduce the adaptability of animals to the stimuli produced by ultrafrequencies.