Análisis del impacto del comercio internacional sobre el medio ambiente en los objetivos ambientales de las empresas en el Ecuador.

Abstract

International trade is a necessary activity for the economic development of nations; however, there are several environmental causes, including the emission of greenhouse gases, which contribute to climate change. In 2015, the UN published seventeen sustainable development goals, several of them aimed at environmental impact in response to the climate crisis, which are also within the ISO 14001 standard as a measure of business adaptation to environmental management. In the investigation, 3,779 Ecuadorian companies were taken as a sample, of which those that apply environmental objectives were analyzed in relation to the level of exports that they achieved during the year 2019 through a correlational analysis using secondary data from the INEC, evidencing that there is no relationship between the environmental investment made by Ecuadorian companies with their level of exports. As a proposal for improvement, the implementation of an environmental management system based on a closed cycle system is proposed, which must be supported through a public policy that guarantees the application of the process in companies, as well as the use of renewable energy sources. In conclusion, there is a lack of commitment on the part of Ecuadorian companies and environmental management ignoring the SDGs through a commercial flow that does not respond to environmental costs. Finally, the need for research on a global scale is raised, where international regulations regarding the environment and international trade are deeply analyzed.