Retinopatía del recién nacido prematuro ingresado a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales del Hospital de Niños Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde en el periodo 2017-2018.

Abstract

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative disease that affects the development of retinal vessels. It is the leading cause of blindness in premature infants; therefore, screening newborns according to diagnostic criteria decreases the risk of morbidity. The main objective is to determine the prevalence of retinopathy in premature newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde Children Hospital from 2017-2018. The medical records of preterm newborns admitted with ICD- 10 code H351 were reviewed. Results: The overall prevalence of ROP was calculated at 10.34% and in NICU 1.61%. According to the ROP classification, immaturity of the retina was more frequent with 36.7% and in stage 1 with 36.7%. The location at zone II was more frequent with 81.6%; risk factors such as gestational age in extremely premature with 8.2%, in very premature with 67.3%, and in late premature with 24.5%; weight less than 1000 grams with 32.7%, and from 1000 to 1499 grams with 46.9%; sex: females with 65.3% and males with 34.7%. All patients received oxygen therapy, and the mean oxygen saturation was 93%. Conclusions: Risk factors for the general prevalence of calculated ROP are; gestational age less than 32 weeks, weight less than 1500 grams, female sex, and use of oxygen therapy.