Ventajas y desventajas de la adhesión de Ecuador a la CONVEMAR.

Abstract

The research presents an interpretative analysis of the application of the regulation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). A brief historical evolution of the law of the sea is established, which encompasses several nations, focused on economic development, which over time have been participating in the changes in the exploitation and conservation of marine wealth. The Santiago Declaration of 1952 with Chile, Ecuador and Peru established their international policy of exclusive sovereignty and jurisdiction, up to a minimum distance of 200 nautical miles from the aforementioned coast. The UNCLOS means the conquest of rights among all nations, as a means of transport and a source of living and non-living resources for all humanity. Ecuador acceded by Executive Decree on 15 July 2012, and was published in the Official Register on 2 August 2012, and was deposited with the secretary General of the United Nations on 19 September 2012. With the approval of the instrument, advantages are consolidated and examined, such as the possibility of extending the continental shelf up to 350 nautical miles, and disadvantages are also examined such as the legal-constitutional vices that harm national sovereignty and territorial integrity in the face of the renunciation of the 200 miles of territorial sea which had been maintained as a national thesis, while at present it is divided into 12 miles of territorial sea and 188 miles of exclusive economic zone.