Diseño de una estrategia educativa para prevención del bajo peso al nacer en cuatro consultorios de medicina familiar y comunitaria. Centro Salud Pascuales. Año 2021.

Abstract

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is a global public health problem that impacts neonatal and infant mortality. Among the multiple factors associated with LBW, the anthropometric, nutritional, sociocultural, and demographic characteristics of the mother have been pointed out; obstetric antecedents and pathological conditions that affect placental function and sufficiency, as well as properly fetal disorders. Methods: A descriptive prospective observational and cross-sectional investigation was carried out in the four clinics that serve the Family and Community Medicine graduate program. Results: The age predominated male with 59.3%, followed by the mother age of 20-24 years 32.3%, housewife 38.5%, with a level of secondary education 32.3%, civil status free union 56.9%, low socio-economic level 52.3%, adequate eating habits 66.2%, moment of capture adequate 90.8%, consumption of toxic substances 90.8%. Arterial hypertension 42.6% as personal pathological history, urinary tract infection 36.9% obstetric history, had no knowledge of low birth weight. Conclusions: There is a lack of knowledge about risk factors for low birth weight, since educational intervention in this field will allow modifying risk factors and acquiring healthy behaviors and habits. Births of normal weight prevailed, followed closely by low birth weight. The age group that predominated in the study was between 20 and 24 years old, with the predominant occupation being housewife, the level of secondary schooling without finishing, and the marital status of a free union. The low socioeconomic level was the most found. Within the search for protective factors for low birth weight, high blood pressure and urinary tract infection stood out as risk factors in personal pathological history.