Cribado de aorta abdominal para la pesquisa de aneurisma aórtico en pacientes que acuden a consulta externa en el Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón en la ciudad de Guayaquil septiembre 2021 a febrero 2022.

Abstract

The aorta is an artery that begins in the left ventricle and ends at the third lumbar vertebra. It is divided into a thoracic portion with an average diameter of 25 mm, an abdominal portion with an average diameter of 20 mm in men and 15 mm in women.(1) (2) (3) An aneurysm is any arterial vessel greater than 50% from its native diameter. The abdominal aneurysm in men measures up to 30mm and in women more than 23 mm. In most cases, this disease is usually asymptomatic, and has a risk of a spontaneous rupture with an 80% of mortality.(2) (3) (4) Materials and methods: A study was carried out with a quantitative approach, observational, descriptive, and prospective and cross sectional. Results: The analysis from the collected data about the gender was 31, 5% of the cases concerned to the female gender (n= 40) and the 68, 5% leftover was from male gender (n= 87). About the age, the central tendency analysis was performed with a mean of 69 years old, a median of 70 years old and a standard deviation of 10, 37 years old. A negative asymmetry it is observed, proving a higher concentration of cases between the 60s and 80s years old. Within the analysis of the risk factors, took measure of cases according to hypertension history, distinguished the 23, 6% of the cases did not outlined the pathology (n=30) and the 76, 4% leftover outlined the hypertension history (n=97). In addition, the tobacco smoking patients who were part of this sample, 73, 2% did not reported with background (n=93), meanwhile 26, 8% leftover outlined this action (n=34). On the other hand, the mean of the aortic diameter is about 19, 65 mm, a median of 20 mm and a mode of 21 mm. Similarly, a standard deviation of 5, 03 mm and a positive asymmetry had got, setting up a range between 15 to 25 mm like the highest amount of cases in patients who were part of this sample. Conclusion: The male gender and the age within the range between the 60s to 80s years old became part of the most prevalent epidemiological characteristics on the sample. The male gender has more risk of developing abdominal aortic aneurysm. Hypertension and tobacco smoking be part of a higher prevalence of risk factors in patients who need abdominal aortic aneurysm ultrasound screening. It is important to study the prevalence of the risk factors and comorbidities, as well as the analysis of their impact on the development of the disease and the association to the artery diameter.