Caracterización epidemiológica del reflujo vesicoureteral primario en la población pediátrica del Hospital Francisco Icaza Bustamante desde enero 2016 a junio 2021.

Abstract

Introduction: Vesicoureteral reflux is the abnormal passage of urine from the bladder to the upper urinary tract as a result of a primary dysfunction of the vesicoureteral junction or a secondary cause such as anatomical or functional obstruction. Its importance lies in early diagnosis to avoid irreversible complications in the future. Objective: To determine the epidemiological characteristics of primary vesicoureteral reflux in pediatric patients at the Francisco Icaza Bustamante Hospital from January 2016 to June 2021. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in pediatric patients at the Francisco Icaza Bustamante Hospital from January 2016 to June 2021, who present a diagnosis of primary or secondary vesicoureteral reflux. Results: 63 patients were studied, of which 35 (55.6%) were male and 28 (44.4%) female. The most frequent clinical presentation was recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) in 39 (61.9%) patients. In relation to the laterality of the reflux, unilaterality predominated in 37 (58.7%), with the left side being the most affected with 26 (70,2%) patients. The degree of reflux in unilateral pathology was predominantly grade IV with 11 patients, as well as in the bilateral pathology with 15 pacients. The primary etiology was the most prevalent with 45 (71.4%) cases. Surgical treatment was performed in 32 (50.8%) patients, and conservative treatment in 31 (49.2%). Conclusions: In our study population, we detected that the most frequent clinical presentation was recurrent UTI. The age median was 4.8 years old with a standard deviation of 4,23, with a slight male predominance.