Características socio demográficas, clínicas y manejo de trombocitopenia inmune primaria en niños menores de 5 años atendidos en el Hospital Roberto Gilbert periodo 2015 – 2020.

Abstract

Background: Primary immune thrombocytopenia (IPT) is defined as a disorder characterized by a decrease in platelets below 100,000 x mm3, without an etiology (1). It is one of the most frequent hematological disorders in the child population. The estimated incidence is 1 to 5 pediatric cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year (2), the signs and symptoms are highly variable, the main problem being the increased risk of hemorrhage, which is cause for alarm for parents and caregivers (3). He main objective of this study is to determine the sociodemographic, clinical and management characteristics of primary immune thrombocytopenia in children under 5 years of age. Methods: An observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out in patients under 5 years of age with a diagnosis of primary immune thrombocytopenia treated at the Roberto Gilbert Hospital for the period 2015- 2020. Results: A total of 96 patients were found, the group of infants was the most affected (54.2%), followed by preschoolers (45.8%). Ecchymosis and petechiae were present in 94.8% of patients. Among the history of previous infections, it was reported that 27% had some respiratory infection, 17.7% a gastrointestinal infection and 44.8% reported no history. The most common therapy was 79% with intravenous corticosteroids. Conclusions: Ecchymosis and petechiae are the most common hemorrhagic manifestation. Infectious history is present in at least a quarter of patients with IPT. Corticosteroids are the treatment of first choice.