Prevalencia de complicaciones materno-fetales en embarazos gemelares monocoriónicos en el Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, período enero 2016 a noviembre 2021.

Abstract

Background: Twin pregnancies increase the risk of maternal-fetal complications, having a great impact on public health, especially monochorionic twins whose worldwide prevalence is constant at 3 to 5% per 1000 births. Objective: To determine the prevalence of maternal-fetal complications in monochorionic twin pregnancies at “Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo” during the period January 2016 to November 2021. Methodology: Retrospective, descriptive, observational, cross-sectional and analytical study, in which the medical records were analyzed in the database provided by the statistics department and the STATA version 14.2 program was used to manage the data. Results: 148 patients were analyzed in the study. Among the maternal complications, preterm birth (68.92%) at different levels, anemia (31.08%), hypertensive complications (24.32%), with preeclampsia being the most frequent type, and premature rupture of membranes (20.95%) stood out. Regarding the products, complications occurred more frequently in monoamniotic twins (37.04%), while in diamniotic twins 15.71% were affected. 64.86% of the pregnancies had at least one of the products with low birth weight (<2500 gr), 9.46% had selective intrauterine growth restriction, 3.38% had conjoined twins and TRAP, and 4.05% had twintwin transfusion syndrome. Fetal mortality was present in 18.92% either in one or both products. Conclusions: Maternal complications have a higher prevalence in twin pregnancies than singleton pregnancies, while fetal complications have a low prevalence but high mortality. Monochorionic monoamniotic pregnancies suffer from more morbidity and mortality than monochorionic diamniotic pregnancies.