Complicaciones secundarias al tratamiento quirúrgico en fracturas de meseta tibial en pacientes intervenidos en el Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo en el periodo 2017 – 2020.

Abstract

Introduction: Tibial plateau fractures (TMF) are fractures of the proximal tibia with knee joint involvement. These fractures can generate significant injuries to the soft tissues, rupture and/or avulsion of the ligaments and other stabilizers of the knee, such as the menisci and articular cartilage, leading to possible complications. Methodology: It is a prevalence, descriptive, relational, observational, retrospective, analytical and cross-sectional study. The documentation technique used for this research work was through the collection of medical records with a diagnosis of tibial plateau fracture registered in the database of the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Specialty Hospital from 2017 to 2020. Results: There was a prevalence of complications secondary to surgical treatment in patients with tibial plateau fracture in 33.33%. The most prevalent complication was post-traumatic osteoarthritis with 22.46% followed by infection with a prevalence of 5.80%. Men were more affected, accounting for 72% of all patients with complications. The age group with the highest prevalence of complications was "between 40 and 60 years old" representing 15.22%. The most frequent comorbidity is arterial hypertension, found in 20% of the patients who presented some complication; followed by diabetes mellitus with 16.36%. According to the Schatzker classification, the most prevalent fracture in patients with complications was type V with 10.87% followed by type VI with 9.42%. Conclusion: The prevalence of complications secondary to surgical treatment in tibial plateau fracture is 33.33%, with post-traumatic osteoarthritis being the most prevalent complication in 22.46% of cases. A statistical relationship was found between the presence of complications with arterial hypertension with a significance <5%, and a statistical relationship between diabetes mellitus and the appearance of complications with a significance <10%. The most prevalent type of fracture according to the classification of was type V with 10.87% followed by type VI with 9.42%.