Prevalencia de cetoácidosis diabética en pacientes pediátricos de entre 5-15 años con diabetes Mellitus I que asistieron al Hospital Francisco Icaza Bustamante en el periodo 2019-2020.

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis in pediatric patients are defined as glycemic concentrations > 200-300 mg/dL, metabolic acidosis due to arterial pH <7.3 with serum bicarbonate <15 mEq/L and, in addition to this, ketonemia, however, due to the ease ketonuria is used as a marker of blood ketones. Objective: To establish the clinical and severity profile of diabetic ketoacidosis in pediatric patients between 5-15 years of age with Diabetes Mellitus I who attended the Francisco Icaza Bustamante Hospital in the 2019-2020 period. Materials and methods: A retrospective, analytical, cross-sectional, quantitative and non-experimental investigation was carried out in a sample of 60 pediatric patients between 5 and 15 years of age, under the ICD-10 (E101) diagnosis. Results: The laboratory parameters reflected an average glycemic of 430 mg/dl, with HbA1c of 12.1%, pH of 7.1, PCO2 of 22.8 mmHg, bicarbonate of 8.7mEq/L, glycosuria +++ + in 80% and ketonuria +++ in 78%. The clinical parameters found were grade 2 dehydrations in 42%, alertness in 48%, and only 5% in a coma; Likewise, the severity of the CAD was determined, observing that 48% were classified as serious. As complications, hypoglycemia stood out in 43%, followed by sepsis in 25%. Conclusions: 29 patients showed values less than 12 mEq/l, of which 17 reflected a score greater than 2 based on the quick SOFA score, determining the presence of general severity in the patient with DKA and low serum bicarbonate levels