Prevalencia y factores asociados a hipertensión arterial en mujeres en transición menopáusica entre 40 a 65 años en el Hospital General Guasmo Sur durante el período de 2019 – 2020.

Abstract

Introduction: Menopause produces significant changes in women, such as increased blood pressure and cardiovascular morbidity regardless of race. Objective: To determine the prevalence of arterial hypertension in women in menopausal transition between 40 and 65 years of age in the period 2019- 2020. Methodology: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out by reviewing the medical records of female patients between 40 and 65 years old with a diagnosis of arterial hypertension during 2019 - 2020 at the Guasmo Sur General Hospital. The total number of patients attended was 467, applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a sample of 252 patients was obtained for the study. Results: From the study sample it was determined that the average age of the patients was 51.2 years with a mean of 51. The average body mass index was 28.3 kg/m2, 24% had normal weight, 57% were overweight and 19% were obese. The most frequent pathological antecedent was diabetes (56%), followed by dyslipidemia (31%). Some patients suffered from more than one associated factor. Of the women with obesity, 28 of them had dyslipidemia and 35 had diabetes; also from the same group, 17 had diabetes and dyslipidemia at the same time. Of the patients with diabetes, 46 of them also suffered from dyslipidemia. Conclusions: Women in menopausal transition are more likely to develop high blood pressure. The pre-existing comorbidities were diabetes with a higher frequency of presentation, dyslipidemia , overweight and obesity. These increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease in this population.