Comparación entre Soporte Ventilatorio no Invasivo CPAP Nasal y Cánula Nasal de Alto Flujo en Neonatos con Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria Ingresados en la Unidad Intensiva de Neonatología del Hospital General Guasmo Sur en el Periodo 2017 – 2019.

Abstract

Respiratory Distress Syndrome in neonates is an acute respiratory condition that frequently affects premature and preterm newborns, carrying out an increase in severity the lower the gestational age. Currently there are treatment alternatives with Nasal CPAP and high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) as primary options. Objective: To compare non-invasive nasal CPAP ventilatory support with highflow nasal cannula as a method of initial non-invasive ventilatory support in premature neonates with respiratory distress syndrome at the Guasmo Sur General Hospital treated in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Methodology: Analytical study with a quantitative, cross-sectional and retrospective approach, which analyzed the medical records of 162 neonatal patients treated at the Guasmo Sur General Hospital in the period 2017-2019. Results: The complications present in the patients belonging to the proposed sample were evaluated, against which it was determined that the most frequent corresponded to abdominal distension and nasal injuries, with 27.8% (n = 45) and 27. 2% (n=44) of the sample, while more serious complications such as pneumothorax occurred in 2.5% of cases (n=4). It is important to emphasize that 42.6% of the cases did not develop complications associated with ventilation (n=69). Conclusion: The type of ventilatory support is directly associated with the control of PaO2/FiO2 in premature patients with Respiratory Distress Syndrome, with CPAP being the one with the greatest increase in the levels of this parameter, while the use of HFNC is associated to a lower number of complications in premature patients with Respiratory Distress Syndrome.