Antecedentes maternos y neonatales relacionados a la ictericia neonatal en recién nacidos ingresados al área de neonatología del Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo desde enero 2019 a julio 2021.

Abstract

Introduction: Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common clinical signs in newborns. Presenting as yellow discoloration of the skin and sclera in infants, which may indicate that serum bilirubin is elevated and may lead to accumulation of bilirubin within body tissues, including the skin and mucous membranes. Jaundice is thought to be visible at bilirubin levels of around 90 mmol/litre in infants with pale skin tones. Jaundice detection is more difficult in babies with dark skin tones, but scleroses are always white so eye inspection is considered a crucial part of the visual evaluation of jaundice (1). Materials and Methods: This research is an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional and analytical study, carried out in the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Specialty Hospital, between January 2019 and July 2021, in the area of Neonatology Hospitalization where 570 newborns met the inclusion and exclusion criteria; and were diagnosed with Neonatal jaundice. Results: The sex most affected by Neonatal Jaundice is male (53. 33%), in full-term newborns (56. 49%) with a weight appropriate for gestational age (68. 4%). The predominant maternal age is 30-39 years (55. 26%) and multi-breeding women (67. 54%). Regarding neonatal jaundice, non-specific jaundice (57. 19%) predominates over that caused by ABO Incompatibility (24. 56%) and HR Incompatibility (18. 25%), Kramer Zone II being the most affected (36. 84%). Conclusions: Neonatal jaundice is related to neonatal factors such as sex, full-term newborns and with adequate weight for gestational age, while maternal factors related to maternal age between 30-39 years and multigestatic patients.