Prevalencia de escoliosis y factores de riesgo en adolescentes de 10 a 14 años que asisten a la Unidad Educativa Federico González Suárez. Año 2022.

Abstract

Scoliosis is the lateral deformity of the spine that in many cases is accompanied by vertebral rotation, and presents signs such as uneven shoulders, winged scapula and deformation of the rib cage. Objective: To establish the prevalence of scoliosis and risk factors in adolescents of the Unidad Educativa Federico González Suárez. Methodology: This is a quantitative prospective study with a descriptive scope and a non-experimental cross-sectional design. A survey, clinical history, postural test and Adams test were applied. The population was 360 adolescents, of which 188 students were sampled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The prevalence of scoliosis was 76% of the total population, of which 79% is structural and 21% is non-structural; in relation to risk factors, scoliosis is more prevalent in the female sex with 53% of the population with scoliosis, especially in the age of 14 years; 56% of the adolescents with scoliosis present limb dysmetry. An 82% of the total population presents inadequate posture when sitting in front of the computer. Conclusions: Therefore, the importance of talks on postural hygiene to prevent scoliosis and other types of musculoskeletal alterations in educational units is highlighted.